Jal Shakti Abhiyan
Jal Shakti Abhiyan
Jal Shakti Abhiyan (JSA) was started in 2019, covering 1592 blocks out of 2836 blocks in 256 water stressed districts. JSA could not be implemented in 2020 due to restrictions imposed by Covid 19 pandemic and Ministry of Jal Shakti implemented ‘Catch the Rain’ (CTR) campaign. Ever since it was launched as “Jal Shakti Abhiyan: Catch The Rain” Campaign in 2021, it has been implemented every year i.e. in 2021, 2022, 2023, covering all the blocks of all districts (rural as well as urban areas) across the country. Since 2019, under JSA campaign, around 1.20 crore water related works have been undertaken across the country. Further, 661 Jal Shakti Kendras have been setup and 527 districts have prepared District Water Conservation Plans under the campaign.
Water being a State subject, the measures related to water conservation and water harvesting are primarily undertaken by the State Governments. However, the Central Government supplements the efforts of the States through technical and financial support. Water conservation through water harvesting is one of the foremost priorities of the Government being implemented across the country in close coordination with States.
In order to encourage water harvesting across the country, the Government undertakes various activities in the form of special drives, schemes and programmes. Some of the major steps taken by the Government of India in this regard are as follows:
Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) monitors groundwater levels throughout the country on a regional scale, four times in every year during the months of March/April/May, August, November and January. The state-wise ground water levels measured for the Month of November 2023 is Annexure 1.
The perusal of groundwater levels of November 2023 indicates that, depth to water level ranges from 0 to 5 metre below ground level (bgl) as observed at about 60.2% of the monitoring stations. Groundwater level in the range of 2 to 5 m bgl is predominant in the entire country. In parts of north-western and western states, especially in the states/UTs of Chandigarh, Delhi, Haryana, Punjab and Rajasthan, depth to water level is generally deeper and ranges from about 10 m bgl to more than 40 m bgl.
In order to assess the long term fluctuation in ground water level throughout country, the water level data collected by CGWB in all States during November 2023 has been compared with the decadal mean of November (2013-2022). Analysis of water level data indicates that about 51.7% of the wells monitored have registered rise in ground water levels, mostly in the range of 0.0 – 2.0 metre. Further, fall in groundwater levels have also been observed in 48.3% analysed wells which is mostly in the range of 0.0-2.0 metre.
The state-wise ground water level fluctuations measured since 2013 to 2022 are shown in Annexure II.
This information was given by the Minister of State for Jal Shakti, Shri Bishweswar Tudu in a written reply in Lok Sabha today.
****
AS
ANNEXURE-I
Depth to Water Level Distribution of Percentage of Observation Wells Post-Monsoon 2023
Sr.No.
State Name
No of well analysed
No./Percentage of Wells Showing Depth to Water Level (mbgl) in the Range of
0 to 2
2 to 5
5 to 10
10 to 20
20 to 40
> 40
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
1
Andhra Pradesh
809
109
13.5
382
47.2
241
29.8
54
6.7
16
2.0
7
0.9
2
Arunachal Pradesh
28
12
42.9
8
28.6
7
25.0
1
3.6
0
0.0
0
0.0
3
Assam
318
125
39.3
156
49.1
30
9.4
6
1.9
1
0.3
0
0.0
4
Bihar
784
116
14.8
525
67.0
139
17.7
4
0.5
0
0.0
0
0.0
5
Chhattisgarh
1046
172
16.4
628
60.0
228
21.8
16
1.5
2
0.2
0
0.0
6
Goa
82
17
20.7
38
46.3
21
25.6
6
7.3
0
0.0
0
0.0
7
Gujarat
753
105
13.9
305
40.5
215
28.6
96
12.7
26
3.5
6
0.8
8
Haryana
985
71
7.2
160
16.2
154
15.6
198
20.1
253
25.7
149
15.1
9
Himachal Pradesh
171
30
17.5
69
40.4
30
17.5
26
15.2
12
7.0
4
2.3
10
Jharkhand
396
51
12.9
216
54.5
114
28.8
8
2.0
7
1.8
0
0.0
11
Karnataka
1264
228
18.0
504
39.9
454
35.9
75
5.9
3
0.2
0
0.0
12
Kerala
1377
323
23.5
477
34.6
485
35.2
85
6.2
5
0.4
2
0.1
13
Madhya Pradesh
1470
151
10.3
654
44.5
501
34.1
147
10.0
12
0.8
5
0.3
14
Maharashtra
1658
248
15.0
706
42.6
526
31.7
141
8.5
32
1.9
5
0.3
15
Meghalaya
51
23
45.1
27
52.9
1
2.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
16
Mizoram
2
2
100.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
17
Nagaland
10
0
0.0
6
60.0
3
30.0
1
10.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
18
Odisha
1370
528
38.5
694
50.7
142
10.4
6
0.4
0
0.0
0
0.0
19
Punjab
283
29
10.2
55
19.4
34
12.0
65
23.0
81
28.6
19
6.7
20
Rajasthan
1061
27
2.5
171
16.1
195
18.4
234
22.1
194
18.3
240
22.6
21
Tamil Nadu
857
186
21.7
359
41.9
239
27.9
60
7.0
11
1.3
2
0.2
22
Telangana
623
58
9.3
278
44.6
204
32.7
72
11.6
9
1.4
2
0.3
23
Tripura
96
26
27.1
57
59.4
13
13.5
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
24
Uttar Pradesh
1092
179
16.4
481
44.0
265
24.3
133
12.2
30
2.7
4
0.4
25
Uttarakhand
171
17
9.9
48
28.1
35
20.5
31
18.1
25
14.6
15
8.8
26
West Bengal
736
224
30.4
413
56.1
85
11.5
14
1.9
0
0.0
0
0.0
27
Andaman and Nicobar
111
103
92.8
8
7.2
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
28
Chandigarh
14
0
0.0
5
35.7
2
14.3
2
14.3
4
28.6
1
7.1
29
Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli
30
7
23.3
17
56.7
6
20.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
30
Delhi
119
9
7.6
30
25.2
39
32.8
26
21.8
11
9.2
4
3.4
31
Jammu and Kashmir
385
96
24.9
173
44.9
59
15.3
27
7.0
21
5.5
9
2.3
32
Puducherry
9
2
22.2
5
55.6
2
22.2
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
Total
18161
3274
18.0
7655
42.2
4469
24.6
1534
8.4
755
4.2
474
2.6
ANNEXURE-II
State-wise Decadal Water Level Fluctuation with Mean (Post-Monsoon 2013 to 2022) and post-Monsoon 2023
Sr.No
State Name
No of
wells
analysed
No. of wells in different depth range
Total No. of wells
Rise
Fall
0 to 2
%
2 to 4
%
> 4
%
0 to 2
%
2 to 4
%
> 4
%
Rise
Fall
1
Andhra Pradesh
693
92
13.3
27
3.9
34
4.9
381
55.0
119
17.2
40
5.8
153
540
2
Arunachal Pradesh
21
3
14.3
1
4.8
0
0.0
16
76.2
1
4.8
0
0.0
4
17
3
Assam
209
97
46.4
7
3.3
0
0.0
92
44.0
8
3.8
5
2.4
104
105
4
Bihar
606
226
37.3
27
4.5
0
0.0
327
54.0
21
3.5
4
0.7
253
352
5
Chhattisgarh
692
340
49.1
42
6.1
4
0.6
260
37.6
32
4.6
13
1.9
386
305
6
Goa
80
49
61.3
3
3.8
2
2.5
24
30.0
0
0.0
2
2.5
54
26
7
Gujarat
503
193
38.4
67
13.3
47
9.3
148
29.4
28
5.6
19
3.8
307
195
8
Haryana
577
170
29.5
54
9.4
33
5.7
184
31.9
67
11.6
69
12.0
257
320
9
Himachal Pradesh
52
28
53.8
0
0.0
3
5.8
20
38.5
0
0.0
1
1.9
31
21
10
Jharkhand
230
90
39.1
12
5.2
3
1.3
101
43.9
14
6.1
10
4.3
105
125
11
Karnataka
1160
403
34.7
69
5.9
32
2.8
501
43.2
116
10.0
37
3.2
504
654
12
Kerala
1169
809
69.2
51
4.4
6
0.5
284
24.3
13
1.1
5
0.4
866
302
13
Madhya Pradesh
1060
397
37.5
101
9.5
47
4.4
385
36.3
87
8.2
43
4.1
545
515
14
Maharashtra
1387
549
39.6
96
6.9
37
2.7
512
36.9
119
8.6
71
5.1
682
702
15
Meghalaya
29
12
41.4
0
0.0
0
0.0
17
58.6
0
0.0
0
0.0
12
17
16
Nagaland
9
3
33.3
1
11.1
0
0.0
4
44.4
1
11.1
0
0.0
4
5
17
Odisha
1133
576
50.8
35
3.1
8
0.7
442
39.0
59
5.2
13
1.1
619
514
18
Punjab
176
47
26.7
8
4.5
6
3.4
64
36.4
24
13.6
27
15.3
61
115
19
Rajasthan
753
146
19.4
69
9.2
38
5.0
223
29.6
121
16.1
156
20.7
253
500
20
Tamil Nadu
771
285
37.0
154
20.0
121
15.7
163
21.1
34
4.4
14
1.8
560
211
21
Telangana
616
156
25.3
76
12.3
82
13.3
223
36.2
46
7.5
33
5.4
314
302
22
Tripura
63
20
31.7
1
1.6
0
0.0
37
58.7
4
6.3
1
1.6
21
42
23
Uttar Pradesh
606
275
45.4
31
5.1
9
1.5
229
37.8
47
7.8
15
2.5
315
291
24
Uttarakhand
147
58
39.5
20
13.6
12
8.2
43
29.3
10
6.8
4
2.7
90
57
25
West Bengal
573
325
56.7
11
1.9
1
0.2
213
37.2
18
3.1
5
0.9
337
236
26
Andaman and Nicobar
108
72
66.7
0
0.0
0
0.0
36
33.3
0
0.0
0
0.0
72
36
27
Chandigarh
12
6
50.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
1
8.3
1
8.3
4
33.3
6
6
28
Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli
23
13
56.5
0
0.0
0
0.0
8
34.8
1
4.3
1
4.3
13
10
29
Delhi
58
22
37.9
13
22.4
8
13.8
6
10.3
5
8.6
4
6.9
43
15
30
Jammu and Kashmir
211
121
57.3
3
1.4
0
0.0
79
37.4
7
3.3
1
0.5
124
87
31
Puducherry
7
4
57.1
1
14.3
0
0.0
2
28.6
0
0.0
0
0.0
5
2
Total
13734
5587
40.7
980
7.1
533
3.9
5025
36.6
1003
7.3
597
4.3
7100
6625
*****
ANNEXURE
List of Projects accepted by Advisory Committee during last three Years (2020-21 to 2023-24)
Sl.
Year
Project Name
Name of the State
Estimated Cost
Rs. in crore
Area to be Benefitted in ha
1
2020-21
Bagmati Flood Management Scheme Phase III (b)
Bihar
913.215
130900
2
2020-21
Anti Erosion works on left bank of river Ganga at Bali Tola (Nazarmira) to Sabalpur Pachhiyari Tola
Bihar
45.10
1553
3
2020-21
Extension of left Bhutahi Balan embankment from Km 25.00 to Km 31.610 (up to Ghoghardiha to Nirmali Railway line near Parsa halt) with Revetment
Bihar
48.44
16900
4
2020-21
Construction of extended Sikarahatta Majhari low bund from Parsauri to Mahisha in length of 4.60 Km
Bihar
41.92
6500
5
2020-21
Breach closure work on Left Kamla Balan embankment at km 7.38 (Village-Terha), km 36.60 )Village –Rakhwari) and right kamla balan embankment at km 40.60 (village-Gopalkha), km-47.30 (village-Naruar), km 55.80 (village-Kathiwar), km 57.50( village kakodha), km 71.80( village Kumharaul), and km 79.60 (village Bath Mansara )
Bihar
74.11
72300
6
2020-21
Anti-Erosion and restoration work at different points on the right bank of left channel and left bank of right channel of river Ganga in Raghopur Block of Vaishali District.
Bihar
46.02
100000
7
2020-21
Anti Erosion works before flood 2020 at different location situated on left and right bank of Ganga river under Bhagalpur and Katihar district.
Bihar
77.14
14910
8
2020-21
Anti Erosion/Restoration works at different point on left and right bank of Ganga river in district of Buxar, Bhojpur and Patna in state of Bihar
Bihar
67.87
76200
9
2022-23
Anti -erosion work to the right bank of river Padma at AOR of BOP Atrosia and Renu for a total length of 1830.00 m in Block & P.S. – Lalgola, district – Murshidabad, West Bengal
West Bengal
73.83
2500
10
2023-24
Raising, Strengthening and Puccikaran of Left Kamla Balan embankment & Right Kamla Balan embankment Phase-I (Pipraghat Bridge to Thangha bridge) LKBE between Km27.10 to km 66.30 & RKBE between km23.20 to km 64.00.
Bihar
325.12
48000
11
2023-24
“Raising, strengthening and Puccikaran of left and right Kamla Balan embankment (Phase-II) from km 66.300 (Fatki Kutti) to km 92.500 (Punach) of L.K.B.E. and from km 64.00 (Thengha) to km 94.00 (Palwa) of R.K.B.E.
Bihar
297.07
72300
12
2023-24
Reconstruction and improvement of the existing flood management infrastructures in the district of Uttar Dinajpur, Dakshin Dinajpur & Malda
West Bengal
496.70
586146
13
2023-24
A.E. work on left edge of Ganga river near Gandhitola in Manihari Block Katihar District to protect Katihar Manihari Railway line and Karikoshi Embankment
Bihar
45.19
50000
14
2023-24
Construction of Sikrahana Right Embankment(from km 0.00 to km56.22)
Bihar
239.63
- The Ministry of Jal Shakti has been implementing Jal Shakti Abhiyan (JSA) since 2019 on an annual basis. JSA could not be implemented in 2020 due to Covid pandemic. Jal Shakti Abhiyan: Catch the Rain 2023, 4th in the series of JSA was implemented from 04.03.2023 to 30.11.2023. Rainwater harvesting is one of the major components of the campaign. States/UTs have been advised to actively participate in JSA: CTR 2023 and have also been suggested to undertake rain harvesting activities under JSA: CTR.
- Government has been implementing Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) since 2015-16 with an aim to enhance physical access of water on farm and expand cultivable area under assured irrigation, improve on farm water use efficiency, introduce sustainable water conservation practices etc. The scheme of Surface Minor Irrigation (SMI) and Repair, Renovation & Restoration (RRR) of Water Bodies has now become a part of PMKSY (Har Khet Ko Pani). The SMI & RRR of Water Bodies Schemes have multiple objectives like expanding cultivable area under assured irrigation by improvement and restoration of water bodies inter alia increasing ground water recharge and revival of lost irrigation potential.
- Watershed Development Component of Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (WDC-PMKSY) has got rainwater harvesting as one of the activities under its Natural Resource Management (NRM) component.
- Atal Bhujal Yojana (ATAL JAL) has been launched with the objective to improve the management of ground water resources including rainwater harvesting in water stressed areas through community participation in identified priority areas in 7 states viz. Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh.
- Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) includes water conservation and water harvesting structures as one of the activities under its natural resource management (NRM) component.
- Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs has formulated guidelines for the States to adopt measures suitable to local conditions, such as Unified Building Bye Laws (UBBL) of Delhi, 2016, Model Building Bye Laws (MBBL), 2016 and Urban and Regional Development Plan Formulation and Implementation (URDPFI) Guidelines, 2014 with adequate focus on requirement of rainwater harvesting and water conservation measures.
- 15th Finance Commission grants have been released to States to be utilized through Rural Local Bodies. Financial assistance given to various States under 15th Finance Commission tied grants can be inter alia utilised for rainwater harvesting and water recycling.
- Department of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare (DA&FW) is implementing Centrally Sponsored Scheme of ‘Per Drop More Crop’ (PDMC)’ in the country from 2015-16. PDMC focuses on enhancing water use efficiency at farm level through micro irrigation.
- CGWB has prepared a Master Plan for Artificial Recharge to Groundwater- 2020 in consultation with States/UTs which is a macro level plan indicating various structures for the different terrain conditions of the country including estimated cost. The Master Plan envisages construction of about 1.42 crore rain water harvesting and artificial recharge structures in the country to harness 185 Billion Cubic Metre (BCM) of monsoon rainfall.